12/31/2023 0 Comments Error bars not at top of graph r![]() ![]() Means and standard errors are calculated from the raw data using describe. Can also be combined with such functions as boxplot or violin to summarize distributions. One of the many functions in R to plot means and confidence intervals. A vjust of 0.5 # will center the labels inside the corresponding area ggplot ( series, aes ( time, value, group = type ) ) + geom_area ( aes (fill = type ) ) + geom_text ( aes (label = type ), position = position_stack (vjust = 0.5 ) ) # Negative values - df <- tibble :: tribble ( ~ x, ~ y, ~ grp, "a", 1, "x", "a", 2, "y", "b", 1, "x", "b", 3, "y", "b", - 1, "y" ) ggplot (data = df, aes ( x, y, group = grp ) ) + geom_col ( aes (fill = grp ), position = position_stack (reverse = TRUE ) ) + geom_hline (yintercept = 0 ) ggplot (data = df, aes ( x, y, group = grp ) ) + geom_col ( aes (fill = grp ) ) + geom_hline (yintercept = 0 ) + geom_text ( aes (label = grp ), position = position_stack (vjust = 0.Plot means and confidence intervals Description ggplot ( series, aes ( time, value, group = type ) ) + geom_area ( aes (fill = type ) ) + geom_text ( aes (label = type ), position = "stack" ) # You can override this with the vjust parameter. ggplot ( series, aes ( time, value, group = type ) ) + geom_line ( aes (colour = type ), position = "stack" ) + geom_point ( aes (colour = type ), position = "stack" ) ggplot ( series, aes ( time, value, group = type ) ) + geom_area ( aes (fill = type ) ) + geom_line ( aes (group = type ), position = "stack" ) # You can also stack labels, but the default position is suboptimal. This ensures that all layers # are stacked in the same way. series $ type2 <- factor ( series $ type, levels = c ( 'c', 'b', 'd', 'a' ) ) ggplot ( series, aes ( time, value ) ) + geom_area ( aes (fill = type2 ) ) # You can change the order of the levels in the legend using the scale ggplot ( series, aes ( time, value ) ) + geom_area ( aes (fill = type ) ) + scale_fill_discrete (breaks = c ( 'a', 'b', 'c', 'd' ) ) # If you've flipped the plot, use reverse = TRUE so the levels # continue to match ggplot ( series, aes ( time, value ) ) + geom_area ( aes (fill = type2 ), position = position_stack (reverse = TRUE ) ) + coord_flip ( ) + theme (legend.position = "top" ) # Non-area plots - # When stacking across multiple layers it's a good idea to always set # the `group` aesthetic in the ggplot() call. See the forcats package for convenient helpers. # You control the stacking order by setting the levels of the underlying # factor. # Fill makes it easier to compare proportions ggplot ( mtcars, aes ( factor ( cyl ), fill = factor ( vs ) ) ) + geom_bar ( ) ggplot ( mtcars, aes ( factor ( cyl ), fill = factor ( vs ) ) ) + geom_bar (position = "fill" ) ggplot ( diamonds, aes ( price, fill = cut ) ) + geom_histogram (binwidth = 500 ) ggplot ( diamonds, aes ( price, fill = cut ) ) + geom_histogram (binwidth = 500, position = "fill" ) # Stacking is also useful for time series set.seed ( 1 ) series <- ame ( time = c ( rep ( 1, 4 ), rep ( 2, 4 ), rep ( 3, 4 ), rep ( 4, 4 ) ), type = rep ( c ( 'a', 'b', 'c', 'd' ), 4 ), value = rpois ( 16, 10 ) ) ggplot ( series, aes ( time, value ) ) + geom_area ( aes (fill = type ) ) # Stacking order - # The stacking order is carefully designed so that the plot matches # the legend. # Stacking and filling - # Stacking is the default behaviour for most area plots. It is therefore discouraged to use these position adjustments inĬombination with scale transformations, such as logarithmic or square root Non-linear scales gives distortions that easily lead to misinterpretations of ![]() ![]() Positive values stack upwards from the x-axis and negative values stackīecause stacking is performed after scale transformations, stacking with Stacking of positive and negative values are performed separately so that Manually set the group aesthetic to change the stacking order Set the legend breaks to change the order of the keys Will change the stacking order, and the order of keys in the legend. There are three ways to override the defaults depending on what you want:Ĭhange the order of the levels in the underlying factor. Thisĭefault ensures that bar colours align with the default legend. Usually defined by the fill aesthetic (the default group aesthetic is formedīy the combination of all discrete aesthetics except for x and y). Values in reverse order of the group aesthetic, which for bar charts is Position_fill() and position_stack() automatically stack ![]()
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